Hypertension in Young Adults

When the blood flows through the arteries (the blood vessels taking blood from heart to various parts of the body), it is common to exert pressure on the walls. If the pressure exertion is persistently high (140/90 mmHg or higher), it can be said that the patient is suffering from hypertension (also called high blood pressure). This is one of the most important, modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality.

Although Framingham Heart Study investigators reported a 90% lifetime risk of hypertension among geriatric individuals at the age 80-85 years of age, it has been noted that hypertension among young people is becoming increasingly common. Statistics say that hypertension is affecting at least every 8th person between the ages of 20-40 years. This number is only likely to increase with lifestyle behaviors. Despite the overwhelming statistics, the condition is often overlooked due to the misconception that it primarily affects older individuals. Stress, obesity and lifestyle choices are few of the most common contributing factors which enabled its high prevalence

Hypertension Classification

Systemic Hypertension types are several kinds, such as:

Essential or primary hypertension: It has an unknown cause and is seen in most patients (about 90% of people).
Secondary hypertension: Occurs due to various specific causes.
Malignant hypertension: Causes target organ damage.
Isolated systolic hypertension: Occurs due to elasticity loss in various major arteries.
Resistant hypertension: Persistence of high blood pressure despite taking more than three different antihypertensive agents.
Refractory hypertension: high blood pressure not returning to normal state despite using more than 5 different types of antihypertensive drugs.
Postpartum hypertension: High blood pressure that occurs in new mothers after giving birth to the babies.
Preeclampsia (gestational hypertension): During pregnancy, it is common to experience hypertension called gestational hypertension or preeclampsia which increases the risk of maternal death and foetal defects.
White coat hypertension: Occurrence of hypertension during hospital visits while being normal elsewhere.
Masked hypertension: This case is contrary to that of white coat hypertension. Patients suffering from this kind of blood pressure seems normal in the doctor’s office, but shows high blood pressure once he/she is out of the doctor’s office.
Labile hypertension: Frequent fluctuations in high blood pressure.
Nocturnal hypertension: Hypertension is seen only during the nighttime.
Permissive hypertension: In this case higher blood pressure is maintained by drugs. This is usually done after a stroke for faster recovery.
Asthma hypertension: Hypertension that is associated with asthma
Carcinoid hypertension: The presence of certain chemicals that are found in the blood of cancer patients causes hypertension among various other complications.
Pseudohypertension: A falsely elevated blood pressure measurement seen in the elderly, diabetics, or in those with chronic kidney disease caused by rigid, calcified brachial arteries.

Hypertension Symptoms

Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because it may not present any noticeable symptoms. However, some individuals may experience:

Men: Common signs can include headaches, fatigue, blurred vision, and nosebleeds. Some may also notice chest pain or shortness of breath, indicating the need for immediate medical attention.
Women: Similar symptoms to men may occur, including headaches and dizziness. Women may also experience increased anxiety, sleep disturbances, or even palpitations, which should not be ignored.

Hypertension Causes

Several factors contribute to the development of hypertension in young adults, including:

Lifestyle Choices: Poor dietary habits high in sodium, excessive alcohol consumption, and lack of physical activity can lead to elevated blood pressure.
Obesity: Excess weight significantly increases the risk of developing hypertension.
Genetics: A family history of hypertension can predispose individuals to the condition.
Stress: Chronic stress can lead to temporary spikes in blood pressure and contribute to its long-term elevation.
Underlying Medical Conditions: Certain health issues like diabetes, sleep apnea, and hormonal disorders can also lead to hypertension.

When to See a Doctor?

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional if you experience any of the following:

Persistent headaches or fatigue
Symptoms like dizziness, blurred vision, or chest pain
A family history of hypertension or cardiovascular diseases
Regular monitoring of blood pressure readings indicating elevated levels

Early intervention can prevent the development of severe complications.

Hypertension Risk Factors

Risk factors for hypertension in young adults include:

Age: While hypertension can occur at any age, the risk increases as one gets older.
Obesity: Higher body weight is a significant risk factor.
Physical Inactivity: A sedentary lifestyle contributes to weight gain and higher blood pressure.
Diet: High salt intake may predispose children to develop hypertension A modest reduction in population salt intake worldwide would result in a major improvement in public health.
Smoking: Tobacco use damages blood vessels and raises blood pressure. There are various strategies that can be used to promote smoking cessation. Endocrinologists are in an excellent position to help their patients stop smoking.
Alcoholism: Alcohol usage is a more frequent contributor to hypertension than is generally

Hypertension Complications & Preventions

Complications of untreated hypertension (hypertension side effects) can be severe, including:

Heart Disease: Increased risk of heart attack and heart failure.
Stroke: Elevated blood pressure can lead to strokes.
Kidney Damage: Hypertension can impair kidney function, leading to chronic kidney disease.

Hypertension Prevention Strategies

Maintain a Healthy Weight: Achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight can significantly reduce the risk of hypertension.
Regular Exercise: Engaging in physical activity for at least 150 minutes per week can help lower blood pressure.
Healthy Eating: The foundation for a healthy blood pressure consists of a healthy diet, adequate exercise, stress reduction, and sufficient amounts of potassium and magnesium.
Stress Management: Techniques such as meditation, yoga, and regular relaxation exercises can help control stress levels.

Hypertension Diagnosis & Tests

Diagnosis of hypertension typically involves:

Blood Pressure Measurement: Regular monitoring using a sphygmomanometer to assess blood pressure levels.
Blood Tests: To check for underlying conditions, such as kidney function and cholesterol levels.
Electrocardiogram (ECG): To evaluate heart function and identify any abnormalities.

Hypertension Treatment

Hypertension management may include:

Lifestyle Modifications: Emphasis on dietary changes, exercise, and weight loss.
Medications: Depending on the severity, antihypertensive medications may be prescribed to help manage blood pressure.
Stress management: For hypertensive patients in whom stress appears to be an important issue, stress management should be considered as an intervention. Individualized cognitive behavioral interventions are more likely to be effective than single-component interventions
Surgical Options: In rare cases of secondary hypertension, surgical interventions to treat the underlying condition may be necessary.
Dietary management: A diet rich in high-potassium fruit and vegetables is strongly recommended. Fresh products are best; normal potassium content is reduced when foods are canned or frozen. High calcium diet reduces high blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Magnesium should be considered by anyone seeking to prevent or treat high blood pressure.

Do's and Don'ts for Managing Hypertension

Do’s:

Monitor Blood Pressure Regularly: Keep track of your readings to understand your baseline and any changes.
Eat a Balanced Diet: Focus on whole foods, including fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins. Limit sodium intake.
Stay Physically Active: Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week.
Manage Stress: Practice relaxation techniques, such as mindfulness or yoga.

Don’ts:

Avoid Excessive Sodium: Cut back on processed foods high in salt, and read nutrition labels carefully.
Don’t Skip Check-ups: Regular health screenings are vital for early detection and management.
Avoid Tobacco and Excessive Alcohol: Both can raise blood pressure and contribute to cardiovascular diseases.
Don’t Ignore Symptoms: Pay attention to any signs or symptoms that may indicate worsening hypertension.

Care at Dr. Prudwiraj Sanamandra Endocrinology Clinic

At Dr. Prudwiraj Sanamandra Endocrinology Clinic, patients receive specialized care tailored to managing hypertension. Dr. Prudwiraj Sanamandra focuses on comprehensive assessments and personalized treatment plans, integrating lifestyle modifications and medical management to optimize patient outcomes. His commitment to patient education ensures that individuals are well-informed about their condition and management strategies.